Much of India’s population is still locked into an agrarian lifestyle. Farmers work the field to produce just enough for their families and maybe a little more to bring to market. Citizens like that don’t contribute much to a country’s GDP.
China, meanwhile, shook a lot of those subsistence farmers loose over the last 70 years with a series of policies that range from accelerated versions of Western industrialization (creating urban factory jobs to draw famers into cities from the countryside) to communist-brain human disasters (forced collectivization of farms).
India is pursuing some policies with similar effects, like price reforms for agricultural products, but their approach has been overall much slower and gentler.
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