Title. I’ve read recently a bit about chips and wondered how it’s even possible for cutting edge chips, such as those produced my Intel and TSMC to just apply metal vapor to a wafer and know that they will behave like a transistor should.
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If you spray some spray-paint onto a surface with a stencil on it, the resulting paint pattern on the surface will be the same pattern as the one on the stencil.
Transistors are created by implanting silicon with dopants like Boron and Phosphorus in a very similar way. We create a stencil on the surface of the wafer (using photolithography and other deposition technologies to copy a master stencil onto the wafer) and then ‘spray’ the wafer with Boron/Phosphorus. The resulting pattern of boron/phosphorus that get implanted into the silicon will match the pattern of the stencil. This created the p and n parts of the transistor, and then you use another stencil to create the capacitor part, and then another to create the metal connections.
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