Sometimes it’s because of where the venom is, and the creature would indeed be harmed if the venom made its way into their blood, but because the venom sacs keep the venom separate, it’s not an issue.
Sometimes it’s because it reacts with some biology that is different in different animals. Sometimes an animal will be resistant to poison produced by something it eats, and in some cases can even accumulate that poison for its own defense. An example of this is poison dart frogs.
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