Long story short: The concrete of the building cracks. Water infiltrates the the crack. The water comes into contact with “unactivated” pellets of cement. The water reacts with the cement and sets anew. This is due to the fact that the cement mixture used by Romans contained dense lumps of cement thatdid not become wet during the initial mixing of the initial construction. What you are left with is a system of deposits of cement lumps to fill in cracks occurring in future.
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