EDIT: Thank you all for your kind yet informative responses!
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Because the astronauts are moving at exactly the same speed and direction (formally: velocity) as the station.
Both are free falling toward earth under the influence of gravity. Gravity affects both identically.
Both are also moving “sideways” very very very fast, which is why they never hit the earth.
As Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy put it: the trick is to throw yourself at the ground and miss.
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