Another factor, besides all the great descriptions of inertia throughout this thread, is that there’s barely any friction in space. If you stick your hand out of the window of a car driving fast, the friction of the air forces your hand back. But there’s no air in space (well, hardly any air) so when astronauts do space walks and such, no matter is going to push them away. This is also how objects in space can move continuously at high speed with no need of propulsion.
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