Whilst simultaneously having a rapidly declining birth rate, and relatively low levels of immigration, to maintain a homogeneous society, without imploding in on itself?
In: Economics
Simple answer. They are not.
Gdp per capita 1995 = 39k usd, 2012 = 49k usd and 33k in 2022.
The US in the same years was 28k, 52k and 76k.
The Japanese economy is fueled by a cycle. The citizens lend money to the state, and the state pays interest back to the citizens. This is how the aging population is able to maintain their wealth. It is basically a cleptocracy for the elderly, against the working youth. Your prosperity in Japan is based off of how much wealth you have, and not how much wealth you are able to generate.
Many people assume that catastrophe hits when the government is no longer able to service its debt. But fail to realize that the existence of the debt, and the servicing of it can be equally catastrophic, if not more so.
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