Whilst simultaneously having a rapidly declining birth rate, and relatively low levels of immigration, to maintain a homogeneous society, without imploding in on itself?
In: Economics
As others have noted, when you are a country that can print money, it’s impossible for you to run out of (your) money.
The only thing a country needs to worry about is debts denominated in other currencies. Japan is riding a lot of goodwill dating back to the 1980s when they convinced the world (and especially Americans) that they were super at business. So, so far, foreign investors continue to trust them to pay back loans.
So if you can print money to pay yen debts, and successfully get loans to cover other debts, you’re solid. Japan also has some very specialized manufacturing that they can pretty much charge what they want for, which helps with foreign currency.
Any other country, without the particular situation Japan has, would not be in a good place right now.
The important thing to take away from this is that macroeconomics is astrology for fancy people.
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