In general, plastics are long chains of molecules. The chemicals that make up the links and how the links are assembled and shaped, effect the chemical and mechanical properties of the plastic. The way the individual links (monomers) get assembled into chains (polymers) is complicated and varies for just about every type, but typically include some sort of catalyst (chemical to make the reaction go faster) in order to produce the plastic. After the resin is made, it is formed into whatever is needed.
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