The SI unit for radioactivity is the becquerel, which is 1 decay per second. It’s the same in every material. If you mean how is radiation *exposure* measured or how a dose of radiation is determined, there are several different units for that.
If by “thershold” you mean “safety threshold,” different jurisdictions set different limits and they don’t all use the same units. Some measure by radioactivity using the becquerel but others measure by absorbed dose or tissue-weighted dose.
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