I guess, analogous to pixel data, you store combinations of frequencies and duration.
But that’s very simplistic, same as saying images are stored by pixel rgb values. There are tons of image formats and there are tons of sound formats. They all determine how the data is compressed and physically stored in the file.
Heck there are drastically different image formats, that don’t store pixel data, SVG for example. There is the same for audio too, MIDI.
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