Much like a tractor…it is all about weight and torque. A little vehicle which is made up of a heavy ballast and a small gear ratio (similar to 4×4 low range) is enough to tow something much larger.
Also, airports are largely flat areas which means that the little tugboat is only fighting the weight of the plane and not gravity.
it’s similar to a forklift carrying huge weights because it’s basically a concrete block driven by a very powerful but slow engine. Smaller wheels are also useful to ensure speed remains low.
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