This is a university level health science/medical question that needs an understanding of concepts like osmolarity and cell membrane permeability to answer fully, so it’s not something that can be explained easily.
But very broadly, the body has a bunch of receptors that track the bodies systems which trigger hormones to regulate the body, which lowers fluid output and trigger signals like thirst and hunger to get you to drink and eat, they aren’t super efficient though, which is why shelter is so important in a survival situation.
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