I’ll add to other comments but… it depends on the water temp and what is in it. Old ships that are pulled up in some places have no wood left, others have a full hull. Most treasure wrecks in warmer water get wrecked by worms and parasites. Some in the same areas get covered deep in sandbars are just fine.
There have been wrecks pulled up in the Med that are in tact, other are gone except the fasteners. Unlike metal (air is the enemy) wood has many different issues. If the wood is in hypoxic areas that are cold they will last forever.
Medieval Copenhagen was also build on wooden beams.
The land Copenhagen is build on, is mostly wetlands, though almost all of it is now drained.
When old foundations are removed, you can get these ancient wooden beams out of the ground, that have these beautiful dark veins from being submerged for ages. They used to be sold to woodworkers for furniture material, but AFAIK since it happens so rarely, they are given to the archaeologists of the national museum.
Sunken logs do go for a rather high price, than normal timber, due to their special look.
Not sure if it’s true, but in my childhood I have heard that they used a larch. This tree has a very dense and hard wood and absolute protection against fungus. Back in a days I helped my grandpa to build shelves in a cellar and he used larch wood for them. Many ears after ithose shelves were as good as new with no trace of decay.
I can easily believe that large poles would survive hundreds of years in the salt water with no integrity loose.
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