How math tells us that something exists in outer space ?

Question

I was watching a video about black holes, and when they mentioned that Einstein proved black holes exist with maths, it hit me.
I’ve never asked myself that question, how do numbers tell you that something exist in outer space and what to expect from it? especially things that we never knew they existed in the first place (exp black/white holes) ?

In: 407

Answer 1

We observe things in the real world. Those things work according to laws of physics. We then create equations that describe these laws of physics as math equations.

If equations are good enough, then when we put in parameters of things we observe (mass, velocity, etc.), they predict effects we observe.

But then we can put some funky stuff in like very big mass and see if the equation hold up. If it does, then there technically could be an object out there with very big mass. Or our equation is actually not goid enough.