It is ridiculously easy to generate potable water, and guarantee it will be there for millenia. The reason it is a problem today is because there is not a single government out there that is managing their stormwater correctly. I write a lengthy paper on it [here](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QFRCaNya-6SBTBGAMG8fAqXRGktS_E9LjsRshAC-Fos/edit?usp=sharing) (WIP, and not Eli5). In fact, most authorities and Universities are teaching a destructive method agriculture that destroys watersheds and pollutes them.
If you are wondering if it is so simple, why are we not doing it? There have been a few ancient cultures who did do it correctly, such as in central America, but they were killed off, and the knowledge did not carry on.
Tl;Dr with stone tools, or machines, you can inexpensively and permanently *geonengineer the land to become a waster storage mechanism, and filter.*
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