This not exactly an ELI5 answer, but the area you area asking about involves *cyclones*. My experience has been with [*hydrocyclones*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocyclone) in the separation of sand and silt from well water. There are many applications of this general principle. There are non-liquid versions of this for woodworking shops trying to [manage dust](https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=7e0a5ff40af74da5&q=woodworking+dust+cyclone%27&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG1ZjhveGEAxVuK0QIHaPWCZMQ0pQJegQIChAB). Here is an explanation of the principle for [oil rigs](https://www.oilsandsmagazine.com/technical/mining/froth-treatment/naphthenic/hydrocarbon-cyclones).
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