There’s a ground control tower.
Planes do move on command. Because of that, the only way to collide is to not listen to the tower, which can’t happen because if you don’t listen to tower you are fired well before you collide.
When the plane does “push back” aka being pushed out of gate, there’s the pilot relaying to ground crew what the tower says, the ground crew is one person on a tractor, one comm guy, two wing walkers. If one of the four is not happy with what is going on they do a signal and tractor guy stops the plane, check again the surrounding, when if everyone signal good to go they move again.
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