How are machines parts made so exactly. I assume there is a master model that all lives are made from but how are those master models created so precisely and how are they measured.
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1) A lot of design work is done on computers using CAD. These are electronic design files that allow the designer to check their work and ensure they get the parts modelled correctly before fabrication
2) Complex equipment are typically broken down into major sections. Each section is designed to fit into the whole machine. Different people will be in charge of designing their own sections. This reduces the design time. Some sections, motors etc, might be purchased – a designer can select these components from a standard catalog.
3) Standardization. Many parts are standardized like screws, nuts, bolts and electronic components. Rather than designing things from scratch, the CAD tools already “recognize” these standard parts and sizes. So the designer just has to place a predesigned part into their model.
Any complex equipment will have many prototypes. Some prototypes are for fit – ie the parts might not work but are there just to ensure that they fit together. Others are functional prototypes – they are designed to mimic the function but not necessarily the appearance. Some are appearance models – for example car manufacturers might build a full scale model out of clay just to have a sense. Some are test models – to test reliability and functionality.
Designing large equipment is a complex task usually requiring the collaboration of many people, each with some particular expertise mechanical, electrical, thermal, noise etc.
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