You can do logic puzzles. They are kind of like Clue, the way you cross reference and eliminate information until you are left with the only logical solution.
You can read up on logical fallacies. Then when you recognize a fallacy being committed, you can recognize the flaw in the argument. For example, if someone is attacking a politician, and they say x policy is terrible, but they don’t have a reason other than the politician is an idiot, that is an ad hominem attack, not one that deals with the policy in question.
I think most Intro to Philosophy classes touch on logic, should give you a framework if you look up recommended reading or Khan Academy. Most will probably start you with Plato’s “The Cave.”
I do think people become more set in their ways as they age. I don’t think it’s ever too late to start thinking critically and examine and re-examine beliefs as you age. Some people are life-long learners and others feel they have nothing to learn. It’s going to come down to individual mindset at the end of the day.
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