The reactions happen, electrons or lack of them build up charge at the terminals, creating a potential.
If the circuit isn’t complete, the potentials build up against the reactions so it stops. When the circuit is complete by turning the phone on, the potential drives the phone and the electrons flow through the circuit, the potential decreases so new chemicals fill in to sustain the reaction and the potential, until they almost run out and the potential drops, the phone shuts off.
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