It’s when you write or play a piece of music in a minor key, and then in the last note, change the key from minor to major. Major and minor scales only differ on some of the notes. For a lot of resolution chords, the notes played are 1, 3, 5, and 8 on the scale. The only one of those that’s different between major and minor is the 3. So, changing the 3 up a half-step changes the key from minor to major.
You’ll also learn to instinctively recognize it once you’ve heard it a few times. Basically, if you hear a haunting and beautiful melody, and then it feels like the composer decided to piss in your Cheerios on the last note and ruin the song for no earthly reason, that’s almost always a Picardy Third.
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