Sound is a rapid change in pressure that wiggles your eardrum back and forth; when a record is made, the eardrum is replaced with an artificial one which is connected to a needle that scratches a soft disk as it spins, creating a wobbly groove.
You can make a mold of that disk that lets you create copies out of a harder material, and when you spin that disk you can drop a needle into the wobbly groove and move a diaphragm to recreate the original sound.
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