I’m going to add a link as I don’t actually know enough about the subject to try and ELI5 but a lot of the comments seem to be addressing a situation where the ship isn’t *quite* sailing properly upwind as this is impossible.
To sail directly into a headwind old ships during the Napoleonic Wars would [tack](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)) into the wind. Browse at your disposal :))
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