Most people think that this kind of vocal quality is achieved by tightening or constricting the vocal cords, because this is what comes naturally when screaming in anger or joy.
Even some singers who try the screaming style make this mistake and they do lose their voice and eventually damage their vocal cords permanently.
However, singers who do this expertly utilize a different technique.
The first step is typically to produce a powerful, clean voice first. This is not unlike normal power vocals.
The second step is to introduce just enough vocal distortion by way of several techniques, depending on the kind of screaming and which range it happens on. One technique for example is to utilize a technique similar to vocal fry and integrate that to the “clean” singing.
As one commenter has said, Melissa Cross has some videos that explain some examples of these techniques.
At the end of the day, the technique is not to “force” sound through “constricting” the vocal cords, but to add vocal distortion to an already powerful clean vocal performance by using more relaxed vocal cord techniques that produce the distortion effect.
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