It really depends. If it’s an official remix, then you can pretty much guarantee that original files were given and used.
For less official remixes, a producer can use software or other means to isolate the instruments or vocals they want. Or, depending on the popularity of the song, you can find isolated tracks/samples already online. Some artists will release instrumentals or vocals only tracks themselves as a way to encourage remixing. Jay-Z, for instance, released all the vocals of his “Black Album” specifically so that people could remix it as they so desired.
Many ways. If it is an official remix, the remixer will be provided with audio files of all the individual parts of the original song.
But more often it’s a bootleg remix, meaning the remixer will only have what is released commercially. Often on the 12″ vinyl version of a single there will already be multiple versions of the song, radio edit, a cappella edit, instrumental edit. If those versions are there, it’s makes it easy.
If those versions aren’t provided, then it gets tricker. Currently AI makes it easy to split out the different parts, but that wasn’t always the case.
Often vocals were paned directly to the centre, so you could take what was different on left and right and that could be every thing except vocals. Careful cutting and filtering with eq could also get usable result. Used to take a lot of skill.
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