There are rules what information has to be put where.
So basically the code translates to a long number. Some digits represent the company that produced it, then some wich product of that manufacturer it is, and then there is a checksum so that wrong readings can be discovered.
There are ISO norms that regulate this. You have maybe heard about the one for books: the ISBN identifies every book with a unique number.
The ISBN always starts with 978 or 979 to show it’s an ISBN, then a single digit for region, then 5 digits for the publisher, then 3 for wich book it is and 1 digit for a checksum
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