Our regular number system is decimal- each position in a number goes from 0 thru 9, e.g. 189. In binary you only have the numbers 0 and 1 as you pointed out. The length of binary numbers is almost always multiples of 8 (8-bits), so 10111101 for example is an 8-bit number. You can convert between binary and decimal numbers and it just so happens that 10111101 is the same as 189 decimal.
Either way all you are doing is representing numbers – now what do you do with those numbers? Since you mentioned sentences you could for example assign a letter to certain numbers. Let’s say A=0, B=1, C=2, D=3. Given a number 303 that can be converted to DAD. If I gave you a different letter-to-number table it would turn out to be a different word though.
Traditionally letters in computers have been encoded using the ASCII standard, where for example the uppercase A is assigned to number 65 or 01000001 in binary.
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