Redundancies, double- and triple-checks. Most plane-related disasters are generally a culmination of multiple things that have gone wrong, any of which, if done correctly, would’ve prevented the accident. Good maintenance and good pilot training and procedure can make planes extremely safe and reliable. Most systems on a modern aircraft have at least one or two backups. Properly trained pilots know how to diagnose and troubleshoot problems in the air; if one gauge is giving a suspicious readout, they know how to interpret the other gauges to determine what the true situation is.
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