Various mapping services do not in general take satellite photographs in order to map roads and locations. In fact many of the images in Google Maps are actually sourced from aircraft photography and not satellites at all. But the point is that it isn’t the photographs which are used to make the maps, they could map without imagery at all.
Instead they source their information from public records. Roads don’t just appear out of nowhere, someone needs to build them and that someone in most cases is the local government. That local government knows where they built their road, often down to a couple centimeters. That information is public record and accessible by anyone who cares to bother with it; the public paid to make the roads, it is hardly a secret where they are.
Google and similar services then take those records and turn them into usable maps through their proprietary software, generating routes which can be read off by artificial voices. Training those artificial voices would be done from samples provided by a voice actor; the voice of Google Maps and Siri was trained from [Karen Elisabeth Jacobsen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Karen_Jacobsen_-_Smaller.jpg). (There is a Karen at your side at all times.)
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