Its not about roundness its about smoothness. Roundness is measured how much a ball deviates from a perfect sphere. So whether its wider in one dimension than the other. When you want to know how smooth a surface is you look at the difference between the to extremes. By telling a manufacturer that any surface roughness on a pool ball has to be between +5 microns and -5 microns it means that every bump or cracks has to fall between the limits. By giving the limits of how high bumps can be and how deep cracks can be you unequivocally define the smoothness of an object.
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