how the nucleus of an atom is actually split to create an atomic bomb?
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What you’re talking about is a fission bomb, specifically. This usually involves packing together a large amount of unstable, radioactive material, then using a detonator to launch particles that have some small chance of colliding with the nucleus of these unstable atoms. This causes them to split, send out particles of their own, which again have a small chance of colliding with other unstable atoms and repeating this chain reaction.
If you have enough material close enough together (and unstable enough), this chain ramps up more than it slows down, releasing a *huge* amount of energy in a very short period of time even if only a small amount of the fuel is “used” in this way.
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