Japan is not as small as you think, in terms of square miles Japan is larger than England. You can argue though that a lot of it is mountainous but so is most of Scotland.
At the start of WW2 the population of Japan was 72 million people
For comparison England was around 50 million, and the USA was 132 million.
So for a *small country* they had a pretty big population.
Japan also had active conscription so they were drafting large numbers of people.
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