So firstly slavery already existed in Africa – Europeans upped the stakes significantly though. Secondly much of Africa was not populated or developed – Europeans using the African coastline to get to India would setup trading posts which in turn grew and grew. Thirdly Europeans got the African populations to work with them and treat with them by exchanging goods which included firearms and alcohol. Lastly when Africans fought back the Europeans brought out the canons. Attacking colonial powers armed with artillery pretty much never went in favor of the natives.
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