Literal switches on the computer that controlled each individual bit. That’s not software, it’s all hardware. Those bits flowed into memory, which would be the first software. People had to punch a bunch of buttons and then hit another button which loaded them all as one word in memory. And repeat that for EVERY instruction. Eventually they used pinch cards to do that step for them. It’d be a long time before they make persistent memory storage that just kept the bits around till next time.
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