Back in the 1960, Arpanet was created at MIT, which allowed computers to talk to each other directly, instead of just passing punch cards and disks between each other. This was a basic, rudimentary connection, similar to connecting two computers directly today via LAN.
In 1983, they developed the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol), which allowed computers to connect in a web together. That way, files sent from one computer were able to be received by the destination computer, regardless of which other computers were available to pass the message through.
That web network is the Internet, and the information you see on it were colloquially named the World Wide Web.
Started out as a government project headed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), they partnered with several universities and private institutions and created a network over telephone lines. It was pretty simple, you could send files and messages and print documents remotely.
Once they proved that it worked it started growing from there, since other institutions and companies saw the potential behind a system like that.
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