To try and figure out what is at the centre of the earth, a scientist might do this:
First, write down everything we know about the Earth’s physical properties. What it’s surface is made of, how fast it spins, and so on.
Second, write down some guesses about what might be inside the earth; maybe it’s hollow, maybe it’s full of water, maybe it’s just rock all the way down.
Finally, the scientist would take those ideas and compare them to the things we already know. We can be pretty confident the earth isn’t hollow, because if it was, the earth wouldn’t have as much gravity. We don’t think it’s solid rock or water, because we know that heat emerges from the centre of the earth; if it was solid rock, where’s that heat coming from? The answer that makes the most sense when compared to everything we already know is that centre of the earth is full of molten rock and metal.
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