It wasn’t necessary to train them. People figured out that the birds settled into a place and decided it was home. If you took them away from home and then let them go, they just flew back home. So, the trick was just to raise a bunch of birds in a place so they considered it “home” – say a tower or little hut in a fort. Then, you could send people out with birds in cages that you knew would fly back to that place.
You could send messages 2-way by having a bird hut at two spots and shipping birds in cages by cart.
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