Simple answer : They were not
You need to read the survivor bias on wikipedia
1860 average life expectancy in the us 40Yo, now 78
[https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040079/life-expectancy-united-states-all-time/](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040079/life-expectancy-united-states-all-time/)
In 1900, pneumonia and influenza, tuberculosis, and enteritis with diarrhea **were** the three leading **causes of death in the United States**, and children under 5 accounted for 40 percent of all **deaths** from these infections
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220806/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220806/)
The global average child **mortality rate** (weighted population) was 43.3% in 1800 and now fell to 3.4%
[https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality](https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality)
Also peoples need to realise that Europe provides more opportunities to move up/down the social ladder and less inequity than the US.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Gatsby_curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Gatsby_curve)
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