> How were timezones fixed by countries
The countries decided for themselves. Timezones aren’t some internationally regulated thing: Every country can literally declare what timezone they are on (or fractions thereof) at any time.
> Why did some countries get 3 timezones but some 1
Because some countries decided to use three to follow the geography of the country, but some decided 1 was plenty to have the entire country follow the same timezone regardless of location.
> How did we get all the countries to use the same time measurement
Trains and business. In a rapidly interconnected world where communications were getting faster and faster synchronizing clocks between interacting countries (or between communities within countries) became a smarter and smarter decision.
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