The objective is to learn how the thing works so that it can be 1) copied, 2) copied and improved, 3) use aspects of its technology, or 4) find vulnerabilities. How, depends on what it is. A computer chip might be x-rayed; a car disassembled and its parts carefully measured; software might be dumped from a chip, to figure out what it does. There’s no right way, but there are better ways. Corporate espionage is very real, and many companies take counter-espionage steps to protect their competitive advantage, etc.
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