I’ve been seeing warnings online about vapes, especially disposables, leaking heavy metals from the coil and vaporizing into your lungs. How does that happen? How can a metal turn to gas at such a low temp?
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It is the same as with water evaporating despite being below its boiling point (100°C at normal pressure). Actually, even water ice does it, and reversely, which is one way for snow in the antarctic to slowly vanish despite it never going above 0°C. But hot water clearly evaporates faster than cold one, or ice.
The cause is essentially that temperature, a.k.a. thermal energy, is the average(!) speed at which molecules wobble or move around randomly inside every substance. Hotter meaning faster. But it being only the average means that some are usually faster and some others slower than that, and sometimes one of them gets fast enough to escape altogether; this is evaporation. If the object gets hotter in total, that also means a faster average and more chances for something to get fast enough, i.e. a higher rate of evaporation.
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