Tunnels are hard to find because they can’t be seen directly.
One very close to the surface could be directly detected by thumping the ground and listening for a hollow sound, or poking the ground with a sharp probe and feeling for voids under the surface.
Worst case, if you suspect a tunnel you can dig down and see if you find one.
Observing a tunnel indirectly is harder. There are several technologies you can use, but they have limited range. You’d need a lot of tunnel sensors to search a large area for tunnels. Even now the easy way to map a cave or tunnel is generally to explore it directly.
X-ray photolithography isn’t useful for tunnel detection, so there’s a limited amount of overlap between chip creation and tunnel hunting.
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