Yes. These are hair cells, not hairs like on your head. The hair that grows from your body is dead, composed mostly of protein, but the hair cells in your ears are like any other cells. Loud noises can damage them, but they can recover–mostly. At some point, the damage becomes cell death. The longer and louder the noise, the more likely cells will be damaged to where they cannot recover.
You can lose a decent number of those cells without detectable hearing changes–even up to half, by some estimates. But repeated exposure to loud noises can damage more and more of those cells, until you’ve reached a point where enough cells have died that you’ll have trouble hearing certain sounds, especially speech.
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