That has to do with relative and total intensity.
Lets say you have a white ball and you shine white light on it. It doesn’t absorb any of the light and so all of the colors bounce off and can be detected by your eyes.
Alright, now lets cover the ball in paint that absorbs 100% of all colors except red. That means all of the greens and blues (and everything in between) are absorbed and only red light bounces off into your eyes so the ball looks red.
Okay, but what if the paint only absorbed 50% of the greens and blues (and, again, everything in between)? The ball would appear pink (or as Donut from Red Vs Blue would say, “Light-ish red!).
Lets extend that to black: if we cover the ball in paint that absorbs 100% of all colors, the ball would appear black.
But, if we covered it in paint that absorbed only 50% of all colors, it would appear gray because all of the colors would be reflected to your eyes with the same ***relative*** intensity but at only ~50% the ***total*** intensity.
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