If depth perception works because the brain checks the difference in the position of the object between the two eyes and concludes how far away it is, how can we still see depth when one eye is closed?
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For most situations, our brains have developed multiple “checks” to determine distance.
First and foremost is depth perception from our eyes both working.
After that, it’ll check things like relative size of objects. For instance, when you’re driving, they tell you to check multiple times for motorcycles. The reason is that our brains learned to understand that something small is probably far away, so when we’re seeing a motorcycle that is much smaller than a car, our brain instinctively thinks it is far away. But if you look at in a few seconds later, your brain understands that it’s actually not far away.
Shadows and other things also give us depth perception.
The only time people struggle to judge distance with only one eye is when there’s only one or two visual cues to go by. A ball traveling through the air is significantly harder to catch with one eye, because the only real visual cue to judge the distance and position is having the stereoscopic vision from both eyes.
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