Because of perspective assumptions.
Your brain assumes a lot of things every second, it’s how most optical illusions work — by assuming things based on context, which is faster and more often then not safer than waiting for more information.
In this case it’s also an”illusion” but more basic and it works the same way that a two dimensional picture with perspective creates “depth” even though it’s literally flat.
Your brain knows things are particular sizes, but perspective lines and lack of depth of focus tell your brain that things are near or far.
Additionally, your eyes are moving like crazy even though you don’t realize it, the movement of one eye can help triangulate a better perspective than just standing still since things at a distance “move” say a different rates than closer things (in addition to any movement of your head or body)
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