Many bacteria can form spores that can’t multiply but are also largely immune to the world around them. Honey doesn’t have enough water for bacteria to multiply so it doesn’t go bad but still has some limited number of bacteria especially in spore form. What makes you sick from spoiled food is generally the toxic bacteria waste not the bacteria
In adults this isn’t a problem. Botulism spores enter, reach your stomach, bloom, and are promptly killed by the acidic hellscape they tried to call home
In young children their digestive tract isn’t hostile yet so the spores are eaten, bloom, and then multiply and begin releasing botulinum toxin giving the child botulism
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