If humans share 98.8% dna with chimps and 98% with apes what is that1.2-2% difference and how did it occur?
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DNA replication isn’t 100% reliable, there are errors during copying. You typically have ~70 mutations from your parent’s DNA. Most will be benign or no effect (there is a lot of redundancy in DNA amino acid encoding), eg GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG all code to the same amino acid. Some mutations maybe beneficial. If there were mutations that were fatal, you wouldn’t be around to notice.
Add up 70 mutations over thousands of generations and 3 billion DNA bases and you eventually get 1-2% differences.
DNA replication isn’t 100% reliable, there are errors during copying. You typically have ~70 mutations from your parent’s DNA. Most will be benign or no effect (there is a lot of redundancy in DNA amino acid encoding), eg GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG all code to the same amino acid. Some mutations maybe beneficial. If there were mutations that were fatal, you wouldn’t be around to notice.
Add up 70 mutations over thousands of generations and 3 billion DNA bases and you eventually get 1-2% differences.
My computer has 98% the shape of a shoe box.
Dna is like… you start with a group project and every person adds a bit and that’s your new animal. The old instructions are not always deleted, just inhibited and a new instruction is applied. So you can end up with weird similarities between a banana tree and a human as they both still have that big chunk of initial instructions, most of which are not used and part of which do run the basics of how to make a cell and how to run things in a cell, which is already a lot of instructions. Once defined what is a living form, the part that defines shape and purpose of groups of cells is relatively little.
My computer has 98% the shape of a shoe box.
Dna is like… you start with a group project and every person adds a bit and that’s your new animal. The old instructions are not always deleted, just inhibited and a new instruction is applied. So you can end up with weird similarities between a banana tree and a human as they both still have that big chunk of initial instructions, most of which are not used and part of which do run the basics of how to make a cell and how to run things in a cell, which is already a lot of instructions. Once defined what is a living form, the part that defines shape and purpose of groups of cells is relatively little.
Tiny changes can have huge effects. One change could say “make the brain twice as big” or “make twice as many structures in the brain”.
My computer has 98% the shape of a shoe box.
Dna is like… you start with a group project and every person adds a bit and that’s your new animal. The old instructions are not always deleted, just inhibited and a new instruction is applied. So you can end up with weird similarities between a banana tree and a human as they both still have that big chunk of initial instructions, most of which are not used and part of which do run the basics of how to make a cell and how to run things in a cell, which is already a lot of instructions. Once defined what is a living form, the part that defines shape and purpose of groups of cells is relatively little.
Tiny changes can have huge effects. One change could say “make the brain twice as big” or “make twice as many structures in the brain”.
Tiny changes can have huge effects. One change could say “make the brain twice as big” or “make twice as many structures in the brain”.
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