If light-years dictate time in a sense of looking X years in the past, why is the Big Bang theory standard if we are essentially trying to discover space at the same time as our own ocean, which we know little? Does an overlap of capability not appear apparent, and if not why?
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The Big Bang Theory essentially states that everything we observe in the universe used to be densely packed together around 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. This is accepted as standard as you mentioned because of two main reasons:
1. Astronomers can see that, as time passes, galaxies keep expanding further away from each other and can easily predict the reverse direction of their movement.
2. The further away we look into outer space, and into the past, the more evidence we can observe of this tightly packed universe. We have even been able to create a [map](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation) of the structure of the early universe because we can see the light that was being emitted by the clumps of matter billions of years ago that eventually turned into galaxies, stars and planets.
Although there are still a lot of unanswered questions, as there always are with any complex subject, there hasn’t been any other evidence that disagrees with these observations.
Saying that we know “little” about our own ocean compared to space is just a poetic way of mentioning that we still have a lot to discover about the oceans in earth. It is in no way an objective scientific statement that is relevant in defining the capability and credibility of what is currently known about astronomy and the Big Bang Theory.
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